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Dynasty		Pre-Qin Dynasty \| Han Dynasty \| Three Kingdoms & Jin Dynasties Southern And Northern Dynasties \| Sui & Tang Dynasties \| Five Dynasties Northern Song Dynasty \| Liao or Xia or Jin Dynasties \| Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty \| Ming Dynasty \| Qing Dynasty \| Repulic Of China
Ming Dyn.		Hongwu \| Yongle \| Xuande \| Vacant period \| Chenghua \| Hongzhi \| Zhengde \| Jiajing Longqing \| Wanli \| Tianqi & Chongzhen \| Local wares
Qing Dyn.		Shunzhi \| Kangxi \| Yongzheng \| Qianlong \| Jiaqing \| Daoguang \| Xianfeng \| Tongzhi Guangxu \| Xuantong \| Local wares
Type		Bowl \| Plate \| Cup & Dish \| Vase \| Kettle \| Pot \| Vase(Zun) \| Censer \| Pillow Funeral Things \| Others
Decoration		Colour Glaze \| Underglaze Decoration \| Overglaze Decoration \| Doucai Carving, Pasting & Stamping Decoration \| Special Subject Decoration
Kilns		Anhui \| Beijing \| Fujian \| Gansu \| Guangdong \| Guangxi \| Hebei \| Henan \| Hubei \| Hunan Jiangsu\| Jiangxi \| Liaoning \| Inner Mongolia \| Ningxia \| Shandong \| Shanxi \| Shaanxi Sichuan \| Yunnan \| Zhejiang \| Other Provinces
Appendix		Glaze \| Burning \| Shaping \| Materials \| References \| Decoration

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A Blue And White Vase

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Northern-Song Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Southern-Song Dynasties

Chinese Ceramics

The invention of ceramics was an important progress in the history of human civilization .It was  the first time that man used natural  materials to creat a completely new thing according to his own mind.The earliest pottery pieces that were made in the Old Stone Age have been found in Heniwan region of Yangyan county in Hebei province.According to it ,Chinese ceramic industory has alneady had a long history for about 1700 years.
        The pottory was made of clay in fire after modeled and dried .Chinese ancestors knowing clay were of long-standing .Early in the primitive society ,they used it in all respects.They found the clay became glutinous and plastic after socked in water and hard after dried in the sun.And they started to use fire in Yuanmou people Age (2050,000~70,000 ago ),During the long  living period in the primitive society ,they found the dried clay became harder and waterproof after heated in fire , the pottery was invented with the dried clay ,which made human history entering a new era that man used nature ,transformed natme and struggled with  nature .It was a milepost in the history of human prodution development.
     Among the archaeological finds ,many superfine potteries have already been discovered .For example ,the grey potteries of late Old Stone Age (10,000 years ago ),the red potteries of Cishan culture (8,000 years ago), colour potteries of Yangshao culture(7,000 years ago ),:"eggshell'' black potteries of Dawenkou culture (6,000 years ago ),Shang Dynasty white potteries (4,000 years ago),Western Zhou hard potteries (3,000 years ago),Qing warriors and horses figures . In Song dynasty ,ceramic industry developped quickly while pottery industry declined gradually .But some special kinds of potteries were still made and their unique glamour have still been praised profusely now. For example ,tricolour wares of Song and Liao ,purple clay pot ,colour glaze wares and  Fahua wares from Ming,Qing dynasties to now,and the pottery figurines in Shiwan erea of Guangdong province.
     After all ,pottery was an inferior produltion in early human civilization ,its own defets destined it would be died out throuth history .
    Porcelain was a great invention of ancient China .In  the long history of China ,Chinese ancestors made earth into gold ,wrote down a magnificent page in the history of human  civilization and made a great devotion for human beings .The widely praised Chinese ancient porcelains  have become one of the precious treasures in varies museums all around the world .They are studied widely by the cermaic exparts and schloars from different countyies ,and cherished by the collectors and ceramic fanciers.
    It was a process for Chinese porcelain to derelope from lower to higher,from primitive to relatively mature .Eary in Shang dynasty (3,000 years ago),primitive celadon already appeared .After 1,000 years ,mature celadon were manufactured in Eastern Han. Eastern Han was in importamt milestone in Chinese ceramic history.
    After 300 years developpment through three kingdoms ,Eastern and Western Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties and Sui dynasty ,chinese politics was steady and economy was booming in Tang Dynasty .Society progress promoted the developpment of cermaic industry .For example ,North Xin ware white cermics ''silver-alike,snow-alike'',Southern Yue ware celadons ''jade-alike ,ice-alike'',two series of wares "north white ,South celadon ''formed .At the same time ,some other varieties of ceramics appeared.Such as ,the snowflake glaze ,the vein-body glaze ,the underglaze colour cermics and stamping decration  ceramic etc.
    Song Dynasty was a time that ceramic industry developped at an precedented rate.At that time ,the wares spread in an endless stream,and various style ceramics were made.Besides  the two series of celadon and white ceramics ,the black glaze ,the blue and white glaze and colour painting ceramics sprang up ererywhere .The well-known products of Ru,Guan ,Ge,Ding,Jun wares are still very precious now.The products of Yaozhou ware ,Hutian ware ,Longquan ware ,JIan ware,Jiezhou ware and cizhou ware are unique and precious ,too. Ceramic industry presented a picture of prosperity. Song Dynasty was the first peak in the history of Chinese ceramic industry .
    Yuan government established Fuliang ceramics bureau to govern the wares in Jindezheng .People invented another new way to make ceramics which mixed porcelain stones and kaolin.using this method ,people made big ceramics ,and successfully made the typical ceramics .Yuan blue and white ceramics  ,underglaze red ceramics and shufu ceramics.Especally the successful make of Yuan blue and white ceramics had epoching-making significence in the history of Chinese cermaics. After the war in Song and Jin ,the main remained wares  continued to manufacture.
    Ming government first established Yu ware factory in jindezheng in 35th of Hongwu.The factory made a lot of top and perfect ceramics .For example ,blue and white ,bronze red ceramics of Yongxuan,Chenghua Doucai ,Wanli five colours ceramics.Yu ware spured on the further developpment of the wares run by local people,.Jindezheng became the center of ceramics .Its blue and white ceramics ,white ceramics ,colour ceramics and single colour ceramics are still very delicate now. And the white ceramics of Fujian Dehua are still elegant ,too.The period of Qing kang xi ,Yongzheng and Qianlong was  the second peak in the history of Chinese ceramic industry ,the producing skills were up to top .Jindezheng remained the ceramic center of China .In Kangxi ,all the finest artistic features of ming Yongle ,Xuande were reappared .Many new breeds were created ( bright colours ,thick altermating with light ,distinct celadon designs) .Longyao used the technique which had lost for  200 years .Langyao red ceramics and Gangdou red ceramics had no egual in that time .The sky blue the shaln ,the Douqing ,the  Jiaohuang ,the fangding ,the peacock green and Zijin glaze were successfully made ,Kangxi  Falang colour celadon is well-know now in the world.
   Yongzheng only existed for 13 years ,but the technique of producing ceramics had  a very high level.Yongzheng pink colour ceramics were very  delicate ,so it became the new species which could compare favourably  with   the blue and white ceramics which being known as  national ceramics .                                                                                                                                                                        On the basic of the former,Qianlong  single colour glaze ,the blue and white ,the underglaze red,Falang colour ceramics were made exquisitely while new species were created.
  Qianlong was a turning point for Chinese ceranic industry .After Jiaqing ,ceramic art decclined vapidly .Especially in Daoguang ,the opium war breaking out ,China reduced to the status of semi-colonial  ,semi-feudal  society with weak national power .Ceramic industry suffered a drastic decline .It was until Guangxu,the industry renewed a bit .But Qing ended with the outreak of the rerolution of 1911 in China .After sereral thousand years ,Chinese ancient ceranic industry finished.
  Surveying the long davedopping history of Chinese ancient ceramicindustry, though it ended with recession,the valuable and rich heritage which left to us would be precious and mavellous forever.

Updated: Jan 12, 2012

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